Sources
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- Faber et al. (2019). The impacts of EGCS washwater discharges on port water and sediment. CE Delft.
- Faber et al. (2021). Comparison of CO2 emissions of MARPOL Annex VI compliance options in 2020. CE Delft.
- Fridell & Salo (2016). Measurements of abatement of particles and exhaust gases in a marine gas scrubber. Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment (Volume 230, Issue 1). Institution of Mechanial Engineers.
- DHI (2021). Ecotoxicity testing and risk assessment of wash water from open loop scrubbers. Report prepared for the Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems Association (EGCSA).
- Kasseris et al. (2020). Environmental Impact Assessment of EGCS effluent discharges. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Submitted to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) by Greece.
- Koyama et al. (2018). Report by the expert board for the environmental impact assessment of discharge water from Scrubbers (Japan). Commissioned by the state of Japan.
- Kjølholt et al. (2012). Assessment of possible impacts of scrubber water discharges on the marine environment (Environmental Project No. 1431). Commissioned by the Danish Ministry of the Environment.
- Lindstad (2019). HFO with EGCS better for global CO2 reduction. SINTEF. Research Council of Norway (RCN).
- The WHO Regional Office for Europe (2013). Health Effects of Particulate Matter. The World Health Organization (WHO).
- Winnes & Fridell (2009). Particle Emissions from Ships: Dependence on Fuel Type. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Volume 59, Issue 12).
The Clean Shipping Alliance (CSA) in The Maritime Executive (2018):